Both Rous and Vergil, who had documented the monstrosity and cruelty of King Richard, completely reversed their sentiments when discussing Richard’s noble behaviour at the Battle of Bosworth.

Vergil, for example, appears to make a special effort to discourage any rumours that Richard had behaved in a cowardly manner. He suggested that Richard refused to flee even when his men advised it, and instead continued fighting. This ‘manful’ bravery exhibited by Richard in his final hours painted him more like the romantic chivalric ideal, than the monstrous usurper which Vergil had previously suggested him to be. He states that:

King Richard alone was killed fighting manfully in the thickest press of his enemies [...] The report is that King Richard might have sought to save himself by flight; for they who were about him [...] exhorted him to fly, and when the matter began manifestly to falter; they brought him swift horses; but he, who was not ignorant that the people hated him, [is] said to have answered that very day he would make an end either of war or life.

John Rous similarly highlighted Richard’s bravery in battle, however, he seems to be more surprised than Vergil, stating: ‘Let me say the truth to his credit: that he bore himself like a gallant knight and, despite his little body and feeble strength, honourably defended himself to his last breath’.

This appears to be great praise coming from somebody who had otherwise devoted so much of his work to blackening the King’s name and tarnishing his reputation. It is worth noting how Rous appears to be almost shocked that someone of ‘little body and feeble strength’ could actually have the honour and ability to behave as Richard did. This suggests that the belief in the relationship between the monstrous body and monstrous actions was so deeply entrenched within Rous’s work, that it seemed almost impossible to him that Richard could defy his body and act ‘like a gallant knight’.

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In the case of Herbig stars, material accretes onto the star via an accretion disc, which in some cases can be directly observed.

For example, the dust component of the disc can be observed via the scattering of optical and near-infrared light. The geometry of Herbig star accretion discs is still under investigation; however, it is widely accepted that as dust grains coagulate, they settle towards the midplane of the disc, making them easier to observe. However, this only applies to Herbig stars close enough to the observer; the majority of the time, these accretion discs cannot be directly observed. As accretion discs are often not directly observable, other methods must be used in order to provide proof their existence. An example of such a method is the measurement of disc velocity profiles, which imply the presence of a rotating disc around a star.

These profiles reveal velocity gradients, which indicate the presence of material orbiting a protostar in a disclike configuration.

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Each sample of crystals exposed to 200°C for 720 mins failed to form pores, while all the samples formed pores after 30 mins at 300°C. As a result of this, the sample groups annealed at 200°C for 30 mins and 120 mins were not investigated, as it is unlikely that pores would form when exposed to this temperature at shorter timescales.

The fact that pores did not form at 200°C indicates that somewhere between 200°C and 300°C there is a thermal threshold, at which the temperature is sufficient to induce pore formation. Upon observation of sample P3C in the TEM, it was noticed that pores formed at a lower temperature; approximately 140°C. It was hypothesised that this was due to the vacuous environment inside the TEM, and so to test this, a sample was placed in the vacuum oven at 140°C for 30 mins (F) and 170°C for 120 mins (W). High-res SEM revealed that no pores were present in P3CF, whereas a small number of pores could be seen in P3CW.

This indicated that the mechanism by which the pores form involves a gaseous process, as the reduced pressure allows the gases involved in the formation of pores to evolve at a lower temperature.

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From the majority of responses gathered the research tentatively suggests that the parents appeared well informed as to the declared purpose of the home visit, to build relationships and share information about the child, however, comments received relating to anxieties felt by the parents prior to the visit, indicating an awareness of possible judgements being made about living conditions, demonstrate that there could have been concerns around an undeclared agenda or assessment taking place.

Whilst none of the parents identified specific aspects of the visit that they did not like, three parents commented that they were “nervous getting ready for it (the home visit)” and “I tidied up before they came”, “I felt like you were checking up on me but it was fine in the end” and “my house it is very poor- I guess you might think it not good enough for her” (indicating the child).

Parents also mentioned the possibility of comparisons taking place between the child at home and at nursery, instead of demonstrating an understanding of the value of seeing the child in their own environment. Phrases such as “checking children’s behaviour at home”, “seeing how he reacts at home”, “seeing what our home life is like” and “seeing what the home is like and how we cope” were also mentioned by parents and also suggest concerns around an undeclared agenda.

Comments relating to what the parents remembered happening during their home visit, however, provide balance, as all parents commented on a pleasurable experience with the Keyperson playing with their child, hearing about how their child is “doing” at nursery (referring to progress and development), remembering the child taking photographs and the conversations the parents had had with the practitioners. The comments from the parents would not support Robson and Smedley (1996) who suggest that parents may feel more at ease on their home territory rather than in a setting, except in circumstances where settings hold negative connotations for parents. It is interesting to consider that even though the declared intention was not to inspect the house or make judgements, this is what the parents worried would be happening.

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Bastow (2003:47) accurately describes this as engaging in ‘a discourse of “modernisation” which promotes a form of ethical subjectivity’ - essentially depoliticising his politics and presenting themselves as the natural choice. As such, this message would resonate with voters who are disengaged with politics, disenchanted with party politics, and those who are morally (rather than politically) guided in the political process; as well as exercising the belief that ‘the party should spend more time communicating with the electorate rather than its own (declining) party membership’ (Kavanagh, 1995:92).

Here, the student uses the term “accurately describes” to show they have confidence in this author’s description. They then go on to explain the quote in their own words before returning to another source to support the point they are making.

This dissertation attempts to situate mens’ subjective sporting experiences within two “opposing” theories of power. The first, developed from the Gramscian concept of “hegemony” has been popularised by Connell (see 1987; 1990; 1995) and asserts that the sporting male is an exemplar of a culturally celebrated form of being male, namely, “hegemonic masculinity” which emphasises being heterosexual, competitive and strong.

The student explains to the reader how their project relates to two specific theories from the literature.

In his Anthropometamorphosis (1650), the English physician and natural philosopher John Bulwer claims gleefully that in Venice there were ‘open and manifeste examples of those who have undergone a kind of Martyredom, to render their Haire yellow’, before proceeding to tell gruesome tales of gushing blood and blindness. Here the bleaching of hair becomes a cautionary tale, moralising against female foolishness. Cosmo Agnelli, a writer of conduct books, agreed, adding that the changing of one’s natural hair colour offended ‘the Supreme Author who gave you the colour you have. If God wanted you to be blond... he could easily have made you so.’

Here the student makes a connection between two sources, explaining the second source supports the first.

An experimental study has revealed that the ganglion cells in the retina of garden warblers are linked through a specific visual pathway to the Cluster N, a forebrain area which is a component of the visual system in birds and it is active during night [66]. Cluster N is vital for magnetoreception, since European robins which had their Cluster N destroyed, could no longer orient using their magnetic compass [48]. The connection between the Cluster N and the ganglion cells proves that the ganglion receptor cells, containing the cryptochromes, are connected to the visual system.

The student is confidently expressing to the reader that experimental research has contributed something significant to the research they are undertaking.